Yes, a patient can sue a doctor, hospital, or clinic even if there is no written bill or report, under Indian law — but certain conditions apply. 1. Legal Basis Such cases generally fall under: Consumer Protection Act, 2019 – for medical negligence or deficiency in service Law of Torts – for negligence causing harm Indian Penal Code – in criminal cases (Sections 304A, 337, 338) 2. Written Documents Are Not Mandatory While a written bill or report helps strengthen a case, they are not legally required to initiate a complaint or civil suit. The patient can rely on: Oral testimony Medical prescriptions, discharge summaries, or prescriptions Witnesses (nurses, family, etc.) Electronic records (calls, WhatsApp, appointment messages) Photographs/videos Hospital wristbands, receipts, or medicine packaging 3. Complaint Before Consumer Court A patient can file a case under the Consumer Protection Act, claiming: Medical negligence Deficiency in service Overcharging No bill does not prevent a complaint, but the burden of proof lies on the patient. 4. FIR or Criminal Complaint If there is gross negligence causing death or serious harm, the patient (or family) can file a police complaint under: Section 304A IPC – causing death by negligence Section 337/338 IPC – causing hurt or grievous hurt by negligent act 5. Medical Council Complaint Even without a bill, a complaint can be made to the State Medical Council or Medical Council of India for professional misconduct. If found guilty, the doctor's license can be suspended or cancelled. Conclusion: Yes, a patient can sue even without a written bill or report, provided there is enough alternate evidence to show treatment occurred and there was negligence or misconduct.

yes, even in case of the absence of a written bill or a medical report, a patient can sue. The lack of documents in the medical negligence situations does not deprive the patient of the right to claim damages. The other evidence which the patient can use is prescriptions, statements of witnesses, proofs of payment, CCTV, or even the recorded call. The Courts in India are guided by the idea that a stringent documentary evidence is not required in all scenarios, particularly, when facts are exposed as careless or harmful.