In India, patents and intellectual property rights (IPR) are protected primarily under the Indian Patents Act, 1970, and various other laws and international agreements. Here are the key laws and agreements that govern patents and intellectual property rights protection in India: Indian Patents Act, 1970: This is the primary legislation governing patents in India. It outlines the criteria for patentability, the process of applying for and granting patents, the rights and obligations of patent holders, and the duration of patent protection. Copyright Act, 1957: This law governs copyright protection in India. It covers literary, artistic, musical, and dramatic works, as well as related rights of performers, broadcasters, and producers of sound recordings. Trademark Act, 1999: This law governs the registration and protection of trademarks in India. It outlines the process for registering trademarks and the rights and remedies available to trademark owners. Designs Act, 2000: This act provides for the registration and protection of industrial designs in India. It covers the process of registering designs and the rights of registered design holders. Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999: This law protects geographical indications (GIs) in India. GIs are used to protect the unique qualities and reputation of products originating from specific geographic regions. Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act, 2001: This act deals with the protection of plant varieties and the rights of farmers. It establishes a sui generis system for the protection of new plant varieties. Trade Secrets and Confidential Information: While there is no specific law in India exclusively dedicated to trade secrets, such information can be protected as part of contractual agreements and under common law principles. International Agreements: India is a signatory to various international agreements related to intellectual property, including the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) under the World Trade Organization (WTO). These international agreements influence India's IP laws and obligations. It's important to note that India's intellectual property laws have evolved over the years and continue to be amended to align with international standards and protect the rights of innovators and creators. Additionally, there are government agencies and offices responsible for administering and enforcing intellectual property rights in India, such as the Indian Patent Office, the Copyright Office, and the Trademarks Registry.