The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the Republic of India. It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on January 26, 1950, and it came into effect on the same day, marking the birth of the Republic of India. The Constitution serves as the fundamental legal document that governs the country and provides the framework for its political, social, and economic institutions. Key features of the Constitution of India include: Preamble: The Preamble outlines the ideals and objectives of the Constitution, including justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. Fundamental Rights: The Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to the citizens of India, such as the right to equality, freedom of speech and expression, right to life and personal liberty, and others. Directive Principles of State Policy: These principles are guidelines for the government to establish social and economic justice in the country. While not enforceable in court, they are fundamental in the governance of the country. Federal Structure: India has a federal structure with a division of powers between the central government and the state governments. Parliamentary System: The Constitution establishes a parliamentary form of government with a President as the head of state and a Prime Minister as the head of government. Independent Judiciary: The judiciary is independent and has the power of judicial review to ensure the constitutionality of laws and actions of the government. Emergency Provisions: The Constitution provides for the declaration of a state of emergency during certain situations, granting the government special powers. Amendment Procedure: The Constitution can be amended to adapt to changing circumstances. Amendments can be proposed by the Parliament and must be ratified by a majority of the states. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the principal architect of the Indian Constitution, played a significant role in its drafting. The Constitution reflects the aspirations of the people of India and their commitment to democracy, justice, and equality. Over the years, the Constitution has been amended several times to meet the evolving needs of the nation while upholding its core principles.