In the context of parliamentary proceedings, "quorum" refers to the minimum number of members required to be present in order for a legislative body to conduct its business and make valid decisions. It ensures that decisions are made with a sufficient level of representation and participation. Key points about quorum in parliamentary proceedings include: Minimum Number: Quorum specifies the minimum number of members, often expressed as a percentage of the total membership, required to be present for the proceedings to be valid. Validity of Decisions: Parliamentary proceedings, including debates, discussions, and voting, may only take place when the quorum is met. If quorum is not achieved, the legislative body may not conduct its business, and decisions made in the absence of quorum may be considered invalid. Preservation of Democratic Principles: Quorum requirements are in place to ensure that decisions are made with a sufficient level of participation, reflecting democratic principles. It prevents a small group of members from making decisions on behalf of the entire legislative body. Adjustments for Special Circumstances: Parliamentary rules may provide for adjustments to quorum requirements under certain circumstances, such as during specific types of debates or when addressing urgent matters. Verification of Quorum: The presence of quorum is typically verified at the beginning of a parliamentary session or meeting and may be checked during the course of proceedings if challenged by a member. Quorum Call: A quorum call is a procedural mechanism used to verify the presence of the minimum number of members required for the legislative body to conduct its business. During a quorum call, members are counted, and if the quorum is not met, the proceedings may be suspended until the required number is present. Different Quorum Requirements: Quorum requirements can vary among different parliamentary bodies and may be specified in the constitution, laws, or rules of procedure of the legislative assembly. Some decisions may have different quorum requirements depending on their significance. Quorum is an essential element in parliamentary practice to ensure the legitimacy and effectiveness of legislative decision-making processes. It is a fundamental aspect of parliamentary rules and procedures that contributes to the functioning of democratic institutions.