The distinction between public civil law and private civil law lies in the nature of the legal relationships involved and the parties affected. Here's a breakdown of the differences: Public Civil Law: Nature of Cases: Public civil law, often referred to as public law or constitutional law, deals with legal relationships between individuals and the state or government entities. Parties Involved: The parties involved in public civil law cases include individuals or organizations and government bodies or agencies. Focus Areas: Constitutional law: Deals with the fundamental principles and structure of government, including the rights and duties of citizens. Administrative law: Governs the actions and decisions of government agencies and officials. Criminal law: Addresses offenses against the state or public order, with punishments imposed by the state. Private Civil Law: Nature of Cases: Private civil law, also known as civil law or private law, deals with legal relationships between private individuals or entities. Parties Involved: The parties involved in private civil law cases are typically private individuals, businesses, or organizations. Focus Areas: Contract law: Governs agreements and contracts between private parties. Tort law: Addresses civil wrongs or injuries, providing remedies for harms caused by one individual to another. Family law: Deals with legal issues related to family relationships, such as marriage, divorce, and child custody. Property law: Covers the rights and obligations related to property ownership and transactions. Objective: Public Civil Law: Primarily concerned with maintaining the balance between the state and its citizens, ensuring the protection of individual rights and liberties. Private Civil Law: Focuses on resolving disputes and regulating relationships between private parties, emphasizing fairness, justice, and compensation. Legal Procedures: Public Civil Law: Often involves judicial review of government actions, constitutional interpretation, and challenges to laws or regulations. Private Civil Law: Typically involves lawsuits filed by private individuals seeking remedies, damages, or enforcement of contractual obligations. Legal Principles: Public Civil Law: Involves principles related to the exercise of governmental authority, constitutional rights, and administrative processes. Private Civil Law: Involves principles related to contractual obligations, liability for personal injuries, property rights, and family relationships. Understanding these distinctions helps individuals, legal professionals, and scholars navigate the legal system by categorizing legal issues based on the nature of the relationships and the entities involved. It's important to note that the legal systems and categorizations may vary across jurisdictions, and some legal systems may use different terminology to describe similar concepts.