In India, statutes of limitations, also known as limitation periods, are legal time limits within which a person must initiate legal proceedings. These limitation periods are prescribed by statutes and vary based on the nature of the legal claim. The application of statutes of limitations in public civil law cases depends on the specific laws governing those cases. Here are some general principles: Nature of the Claim: The statutes of limitations vary depending on the nature of the civil claim. For example, different limitation periods may apply to cases related to contract disputes, torts, property disputes, or other civil matters. Specific Legislation: Public civil law cases may be governed by specific legislation that prescribes the limitation period for bringing a legal action. For instance, cases related to public liability, government actions, or other public law matters may have their own set of rules and limitation periods. Limitation Act, 1963: The Limitation Act, 1963, is a comprehensive legislation that prescribes the general limitation periods for various civil and commercial claims. However, the Limitation Act is not exhaustive, and specific statutes may provide for different limitation periods. Discovery of Cause of Action: In many civil cases, the limitation period begins to run from the date when the cause of action accrues or when the aggrieved party becomes aware of the cause of action. Some statutes may provide for a starting point based on the discovery of facts constituting the cause of action. Government Actions: Claims against government authorities or entities may be subject to specific rules and limitation periods. Public law cases, such as those involving administrative law or constitutional matters, may have distinct provisions regarding the timing of filing legal actions. Extension of Limitation: The Limitation Act, 1963, also contains provisions for the extension of limitation periods under certain circumstances, such as fraud, mistake, or disability. Courts may allow the filing of a case even after the expiry of the prescribed limitation period if valid grounds for an extension exist. Judicial Discretion: In some cases, courts may have the discretion to condone a delay in filing a case if the delay is satisfactorily explained and there is no prejudice to the other party. It is crucial to identify the specific statute or legislation governing a particular public civil law case to determine the applicable limitation period. Legal advice from a qualified professional or consultation with specific legal texts may be necessary to ascertain the precise limitation period and any exceptions or extensions that may apply in a given situation.