In Indian law, domestic arbitration and international arbitration are distinguished primarily based on the nature of the dispute and the parties involved. Here's an overview of the distinction between domestic and international arbitration in Indian law: Domestic Arbitration: Parties: Domestic arbitration involves disputes between parties that are both located or have their place of business in India. The parties to a domestic arbitration agreement are typically Indian entities or individuals, and the dispute arises out of a domestic transaction or contract. Applicable Law: Domestic arbitration proceedings are governed primarily by the provisions of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. The Act provides the legal framework for conducting arbitration proceedings, including the appointment of arbitrators, conduct of hearings, enforcement of arbitral awards, and other procedural matters. Courts' Jurisdiction: Domestic arbitration falls under the jurisdiction of Indian courts. Any applications, challenges, or enforcement proceedings related to domestic arbitration are adjudicated by the appropriate courts in India. International Arbitration: Parties: International arbitration involves disputes where at least one of the parties is located outside India or where the subject matter of the dispute has an international dimension. The parties to an international arbitration agreement may include foreign entities, individuals, or governments, and the dispute may arise from international contracts, cross-border transactions, or investment treaties. Applicable Law: International arbitration proceedings in India are governed primarily by the provisions of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, as well as international conventions and treaties to which India is a party, such as the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration. Courts' Jurisdiction: International arbitration proceedings may involve jurisdictional issues and the application of principles of international law. Indian courts may have jurisdiction over certain aspects of international arbitration, such as the appointment of arbitrators, interim measures, and enforcement of awards, but parties may also choose to resolve disputes through arbitration institutions or under the rules of international arbitration organizations. In summary, the distinction between domestic and international arbitration in Indian law primarily revolves around the location of the parties, the nature of the dispute, and the applicable legal framework. While domestic arbitration involves disputes within India between Indian parties, international arbitration involves disputes with an international dimension, including parties or transactions outside India, and may entail the application of international arbitration principles and conventions.