Cyber extortion and ransomware attacks are addressed under Indian cybercrime law primarily through the provisions of the Information Technology (IT) Act, 2000, and other relevant laws. Here's how these types of cybercrimes are addressed: Provisions of the IT Act, 2000: Section 66C - Identity Theft: Cyber extortion often involves the unauthorized use of another person's identity or personal information for extortion purposes. Section 66C of the IT Act, 2000, provides for punishment for identity theft, which includes using a person's identity for fraudulent purposes, including extortion. Section 66D - Cheating by Personation: This section deals with cheating by personation through a computer resource, which could include impersonation for the purpose of cyber extortion or ransomware attacks. Section 43 - Penalty for Unauthorized Access: Unauthorized access to computer systems or data, which may be involved in carrying out cyber extortion or ransomware attacks, is punishable under this section. Criminal Intimidation and Extortion under Indian Penal Code (IPC): Cyber extortion often involves threats of harm or damage to a person or property in exchange for money or other benefits. Such threats may constitute criminal intimidation under Section 503 of the IPC. Extortion, which involves obtaining money or valuable goods through coercion or threats, is punishable under Section 383 to 389 of the IPC. Cyber extortion cases may fall under the purview of these provisions if they involve threats made through electronic communication. Ransomware and Unlawful Restraint: Ransomware attacks, which involve encrypting or blocking access to computer systems or data until a ransom is paid, may be addressed under provisions related to unlawful restraint (Section 339 to 342 of the IPC) or wrongful confinement (Section 340 of the IPC). Investigation and Prosecution: Cyber extortion and ransomware attacks are investigated by specialized cybercrime units, such as the Cyber Crime Cells and Cyber Crime Investigation Units of law enforcement agencies. Legal action against offenders is initiated based on complaints filed by victims or reports received by law enforcement agencies. The investigation involves collecting digital evidence, tracing the origin of the attack, and identifying the perpetrators. Once the offenders are identified, they may be prosecuted under the relevant provisions of the IT Act, 2000, IPC, and other applicable laws. Overall, cyber extortion and ransomware attacks are taken seriously under Indian cybercrime law, and perpetrators are subject to legal action and prosecution. Law enforcement agencies work to prevent such crimes, investigate incidents, and bring offenders to justice to safeguard individuals, businesses, and organizations from cyber threats and extortion attempts.