Yes, spreading fake news or misinformation online can be classified as a cybercrime in India. Various provisions under Indian law address the dissemination of false information and the misuse of digital platforms for such purposes. Key legislative frameworks and provisions relevant to this issue include: 1. Information Technology Act, 2000 (IT Act) Section 66D: Punishment for cheating by personation by using computer resource: This section penalizes anyone who cheats by personating through any communication device or computer resource. If fake news or misinformation is spread with an intent to deceive or cheat individuals, it can attract penalties under this section. Section 69A: Power to issue directions for blocking for public access of any information through any computer resource: The government can direct any agency of the government or intermediary to block public access to any information generated, transmitted, received, stored, or hosted in any computer resource if it is necessary or expedient to do so in the interest of the sovereignty and integrity of India, defense of India, security of the State, friendly relations with foreign states, or public order, or for preventing incitement to the commission of any cognizable offense relating to the above. 2. Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860 Section 505: Statements conducing to public mischief: This section deals with statements, rumors, or reports which are intended to cause, or are likely to cause, fear or alarm to the public, or to any section of the public whereby any person may be induced to commit an offense against the state or against public tranquility. Spreading fake news that can incite violence or panic among the public can fall under this provision. Section 153: Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot: This section penalizes anyone who malignantly, or wantonly, gives provocation to any person, intending or knowing it to be likely that such provocation will cause the offense of rioting. Section 499: Defamation: This section addresses defamation, which can include spreading false information that harms the reputation of an individual or an entity. 3. Disaster Management Act, 2005 Section 54: Punishment for false warning: This section provides for punishment for any person who makes or circulates a false alarm or warning as to disaster or its severity or magnitude, leading to panic. Government and Regulatory Measures: Press Information Bureau (PIB): The government has set up fact-checking units like the PIB Fact Check unit to counter misinformation and provide accurate information to the public. IT Rules 2021: The Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021, place significant responsibilities on social media platforms and digital news publishers to curb misinformation. Intermediaries are required to deploy technology-based measures to identify and remove unlawful information and provide information to law enforcement agencies on request. Judicial Precedents: Courts in India have also taken a serious view of the spread of fake news and misinformation. For instance, the Supreme Court in the Tehseen Poonawalla v. Union of India case emphasized the need for curbing the spread of fake news and rumors that could incite violence. Conclusion: Spreading fake news or misinformation online in India can lead to serious legal consequences under various provisions of the IT Act, IPC, and other relevant laws. The Indian legal framework provides mechanisms for addressing and penalizing such activities to ensure the integrity of information and maintain public order.