In India, cyberbullying or online harassment of minors is a serious offense with strict penalties under various laws. The Information Technology Act, 2000, along with certain provisions of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), provides the legal framework for addressing such offenses. Here’s a detailed overview of the penalties for cyberbullying or online harassment of minors: Information Technology Act, 2000 (IT Act) Section 66A (Note: Struck Down by Supreme Court) Sending offensive messages through communication service, etc.: Although Section 66A was initially used to address cyberbullying, it was struck down by the Supreme Court in 2015 in the case of Shreya Singhal v. Union of India for being unconstitutional and violating freedom of speech. Section 67 Publishing or transmitting obscene material in electronic form: First Conviction: Imprisonment up to 3 years and a fine up to ₹5 lakh. Subsequent Conviction: Imprisonment up to 5 years and a fine up to ₹10 lakh. This section can be invoked if the cyberbullying involves sharing obscene content. Section 67B Publishing or transmitting material depicting children in sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form: First Conviction: Imprisonment up to 5 years and a fine up to ₹10 lakh. Subsequent Conviction: Imprisonment up to 7 years and a fine up to ₹10 lakh. Specifically targets child pornography and is applicable if the cyberbullying involves sexually explicit content related to minors. Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860 Section 354D Stalking: Any man who monitors the use by a woman (including a minor) of the internet, email, or any other form of electronic communication commits the offense of stalking. First Conviction: Imprisonment up to 3 years and a fine. Subsequent Conviction: Imprisonment up to 5 years and a fine. Section 499 and 500 Defamation: If cyberbullying involves defaming a minor, Section 499 (defamation) and Section 500 (punishment for defamation) can be applied. Punishment: Imprisonment up to 2 years, or fine, or both. Section 507 Criminal Intimidation by Anonymous Communication: If the cyberbullying involves anonymous threats or intimidation. Punishment: Imprisonment up to 2 years, in addition to the punishment for the offense of criminal intimidation. Section 509 Word, gesture, or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman: Applicable if the cyberbullying involves actions intended to insult the modesty of a minor girl. Punishment: Simple imprisonment up to 3 years and a fine. Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 The POCSO Act: Specifically addresses sexual exploitation and sexual abuse of children. If cyberbullying involves sexually explicit content or sexually abusive behavior towards minors, the POCSO Act provides stringent penalties, including imprisonment and fines. Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 Juvenile Justice Act: Provides for the protection, treatment, and rehabilitation of children. It includes provisions for penalizing those who subject minors to harassment, abuse, or exploitation. Legal and Practical Measures Filing a Complaint: Victims or their guardians can file a complaint with the Cyber Crime Cell of the police or through the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal (cybercrime.gov.in). Cyber Crime Cells: Dedicated cybercrime cells are present in many cities, equipped to handle complaints related to cyberbullying and online harassment. Awareness and Education: Educating minors and parents about safe internet practices and the importance of reporting cyberbullying is crucial. Conclusion Cyberbullying and online harassment of minors in India are addressed with strict legal provisions under the IT Act, IPC, POCSO Act, and Juvenile Justice Act. The penalties range from fines to imprisonment, depending on the severity of the offense. It is essential for victims and their guardians to report such incidents promptly to ensure legal action and protection for the affected minors.