Cybercrimes affecting national security are addressed in Indian law through various statutes and regulations that empower law enforcement agencies to prevent, investigate, and prosecute such offenses. The Indian government has implemented legislative measures and established specialized agencies to combat cyber threats and safeguard national security. Here's how cybercrimes affecting national security are addressed in Indian law: 1. Information Technology Act, 2000 (IT Act): Sections 43 to 66: The IT Act contains provisions criminalizing various cyber offenses, including unauthorized access to computer systems, hacking, data theft, cyber terrorism, and identity theft. Section 66F: Cyber Terrorism: This section specifically addresses cyber terrorism, making it an offense to engage in acts of cyber terrorism that threaten the sovereignty, integrity, or security of the nation. 2. National Cyber Security Policy: The Indian government has formulated a National Cyber Security Policy to protect the nation's cyberspace and critical information infrastructure from cyber threats. The policy aims to enhance cybersecurity capabilities, promote cyber resilience, and establish mechanisms for cyber threat intelligence sharing and coordination. 3. National Cyber Security Coordinator: The National Cyber Security Coordinator (NCSC) serves as the focal point for coordinating cybersecurity efforts across various government agencies. The NCSC oversees the implementation of the National Cyber Security Policy and coordinates responses to cyber incidents affecting national security. 4. Computer Emergency Response Team-India (CERT-In): CERT-In is the national nodal agency responsible for responding to cybersecurity incidents and coordinating incident response efforts. It operates under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) and provides incident response, threat analysis, and cybersecurity advisory services. 5. National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre (NCIIPC): NCIIPC is tasked with protecting critical information infrastructure (CII) sectors, such as power, transportation, finance, and government services, from cyber threats. It identifies critical infrastructure assets, assesses cybersecurity risks, and develops strategies to enhance the resilience of CII sectors against cyber attacks. 6. Cyber Intelligence and Investigation Agencies: Various law enforcement agencies, such as the Cyber Crime Cells of state police departments, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), and the National Investigation Agency (NIA), are responsible for investigating cybercrimes affecting national security. These agencies conduct cyber intelligence gathering, forensic analysis, and prosecution of cyber offenders. 7. International Cooperation: India collaborates with international partners and organizations to address cyber threats affecting national security. It participates in bilateral and multilateral agreements, shares cyber threat intelligence, and cooperates with foreign agencies to combat transnational cybercrimes. Conclusion: Cybercrimes affecting national security are addressed in Indian law through a combination of legislative measures, national cybersecurity policies, specialized agencies, and international cooperation mechanisms. The IT Act criminalizes various cyber offenses, including cyber terrorism, while the National Cyber Security Policy and agencies like CERT-In and NCIIPC work to enhance cybersecurity capabilities and protect critical information infrastructure. Law enforcement agencies investigate cybercrimes, gather cyber intelligence, and prosecute offenders to safeguard national security in cyberspace. International cooperation plays a crucial role in combating transnational cyber threats and promoting cybersecurity at the global level.