- 14-Sep-2025
- Elder & Estate Planning law
The commission charged by e-commerce platforms is a key aspect of their business model, affecting both sellers and consumers. While e-commerce platforms provide a space for sellers to reach a wide audience, they typically charge a commission fee for their services. The regulation of platform commissions is crucial to ensure that the fees are not exploitative and do not distort competition in the market. While there is no direct cap on platform commissions in India, various regulatory measures, including Competition Law and guidelines for e-commerce, aim to create a fair environment for both sellers and consumers.
Currently, there is no specific law or cap in India that directly regulates the commission rates charged by e-commerce platforms. The rates are largely determined by market dynamics, platform policies, and negotiations between platforms and sellers. However, these commission rates must still comply with broader consumer protection and competition laws to prevent anti-competitive practices.
Example: A large e-commerce platform may charge a 15-20% commission on a seller’s sales. While this is not directly regulated, the commission should be disclosed transparently to prevent any misleading or exploitative pricing strategies.
Under competition law (the Competition Act, 2002), the Competition Commission of India (CCI) ensures that platform commissions do not lead to anti-competitive behavior. If a platform charges exorbitant commissions or engages in unfair trade practices, such as pressuring sellers into accepting high commission rates or hiding additional costs, it could be investigated for anti-competitive practices.
Example: If an e-commerce platform imposes unfairly high commissions or requires sellers to pay additional hidden fees that are not disclosed at the time of registration, this could be seen as anti-competitive behavior.
The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 ensures that e-commerce platforms maintain transparency in their operations, including commission structures. Platforms are required to clearly disclose all relevant terms and conditions, including the commission rates they charge sellers. This protects consumers by ensuring that they are aware of potential markups on the products they purchase due to high commission fees.
Example: If a platform charges high commissions that lead to inflated product prices, the Consumer Protection Act ensures that sellers have the right to complain about unfair pricing practices, and consumers are not misled.
The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), along with other government bodies, has issued guidelines to regulate e-commerce businesses, particularly concerning the conduct of marketplace and inventory models. These guidelines ensure that e-commerce platforms operate fairly and that commission rates are not used as a tool for market manipulation.
Example: The guidelines mandate that marketplace models (where the platform connects buyers and sellers but does not own inventory) must not favor any particular seller or group of sellers through preferential treatment or reduced commission rates.
FDI regulations on e-commerce platforms also have an indirect effect on the commission structure. The government restricts foreign-owned e-commerce platforms from directly influencing the pricing and commission policies of third-party sellers. This is done to avoid monopolistic practices that could lead to unfair pricing or commission demands.
Example: FDI guidelines prevent platforms from offering heavy discounts or controlling commissions in a way that could harm competition or the rights of smaller Indian sellers.
E-commerce platforms operate in a highly competitive and evolving market, where commission rates may fluctuate based on demand, competition, and platform policies. As a result, it becomes challenging to impose strict regulations on commission fees without stifling innovation or the flexibility of digital platforms.
There is no standardized commission structure across all e-commerce platforms. Each platform may have its own commission rate, which can vary depending on the product category, seller volume, or the platform’s policies. This lack of consistency creates difficulties in ensuring fairness across the market.
Many e-commerce platforms are international in scope, and the commission fees may be influenced by global market conditions or international regulations. This can make it harder for Indian regulators to enforce consistent rules for platform commissions, especially when the platforms do not have a direct physical presence in the country.
Suppose a seller lists their products on an e-commerce platform that charges a 20% commission on each sale. The seller believes that the commission is too high and affects their profitability. However, the seller has no choice but to accept the terms as it is a dominant platform in the market.
While there is no specific regulation governing platform commission rates, the Competition Commission of India and consumer protection laws ensure that e-commerce platforms charge fair and transparent fees. If these commissions are found to be exploitative or lead to anti-competitive behavior, regulatory bodies have the authority to intervene. As the e-commerce landscape continues to evolve, it will be crucial for policymakers to strike a balance between fostering innovation and ensuring fairness for both sellers and consumers.
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