What Is BSA Section 35?

Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 - Section 35: Relevancy of Certain Judgments in Probate, etc., Jurisdiction

1. A final judgment, order, or decree of a competent Court or Tribunal, in the exercise of probate, matrimonial, admiralty, or insolvency jurisdiction, which:
   • Confers upon or takes away from any person any legal character, or
   • Declares any person to be entitled to any such character, or to be entitled to any specific thing, not as against any specified person but absolutely,
   is relevant when the existence of any such legal character, or the title of any such person to any such thing, is relevant.
2. Such judgment, order, or decree is conclusive proof that:
   • (i) Any legal character, which it confers, accrued at the time when such judgment, order, or decree came into operation;
   • (ii) Any legal character, to which it declares any such person to be entitled, accrued to that person at the time when such judgment, order, or decree declares it to have accrued to that person;
   • (iii) Any legal character which it takes away from any such person ceased at the time from which such judgment, order, or decree declared that it had ceased or should cease; and
   • (iv) Anything to which it declares any person to be so entitled was the property of that person at the time from which such judgment, order, or decree declares that it had been or should be his property.

Brefe Detail

Section 35 of the Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, outlines the relevance of final judgments, orders, or decrees from competent Courts or Tribunals in specific jurisdictions like probate, matrimonial, admiralty, or insolvency. It establishes that such legal decisions not only confer or revoke legal character but also serve as conclusive proof regarding the existence and timing of these legal characters and entitlements.

Question & Answers

Q1: What types of jurisdiction does Section 35 pertain to?

A1: Section 35 pertains to probate, matrimonial, admiralty, and insolvency jurisdictions.

Q2: What is the significance of a final judgment, order, or decree under this section?

A2: It is relevant when determining the existence of a legal character or the title of a person to a specific thing.

Q3: What does such a judgment or decree serve as conclusive proof of?

A3: It serves as conclusive proof regarding the timing and existence of any legal character conferred, declared, or taken away.

Q4: When does a legal character cease according to this section?

A4: A legal character ceases at the time from which the judgment, order, or decree declares that it had ceased or should cease.

Example

• A court’s decree in a probate case declaring that a person is the rightful heir to a property serves as conclusive proof that the legal character of heir accrued at the time the decree was issued.
• If a judgment states that a person is entitled to a specific asset, this judgment confirms that the asset was the property of that person from the time declared in the judgment.

Summary

Section 35 of the Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, emphasizes the significance of judgments from competent courts in probate and related jurisdictions. It establishes that such judgments are relevant for determining legal characters and entitlements, and they provide conclusive proof regarding the timing and ownership of these rights.