What Is BSA Section 54?

Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 - Section 54: Proof of facts by oral evidence.

All facts, except the contents of documents, may be proved by oral evidence.

Brefe Detail

Section 54 of the Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 specifies that all facts can be established through oral evidence, with the exception of the contents of documents. This means that verbal testimonies can be used to prove facts in legal proceedings, while document contents must be proved by the documents themselves.

Question & Answers

Q1: What does Section 54 of the Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 state about proving facts?

A1: It states that all facts, except the contents of documents, may be proved by oral evidence.

Q2: Can the contents of documents be proved by oral evidence according to this section?

A2: No, the contents of documents cannot be proved by oral evidence; they must be established through the documents themselves.

Q3: What type of evidence is primarily used to prove facts under this section?

A3: Oral evidence is primarily used to prove facts under this section.

Example

• Example 1: A witness testifying about an event they observed can provide oral evidence to prove the fact that the event occurred.
• Example 2: If a party claims that a conversation took place, they can use oral evidence to support this claim, but they cannot use oral evidence to prove what was specifically written in a contract.
• Example 3: In a trial, if a witness describes the behavior of a defendant at a particular time, that testimony is oral evidence used to prove the fact.

Summary

Section 54 of the Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 allows for the proof of all facts through oral evidence, except for the contents of documents, which must be proved directly by the documents themselves.