- 15-Oct-2025
- public international law
Plea bargaining is a legal mechanism where an accused agrees to plead guilty to a lesser charge or receives a reduced sentence in exchange for waiving the right to a trial. In the context of extradition, the question arises whether such agreements are permissible after a fugitive has been surrendered by India to the requesting country and prosecution begins there.
The concept of plea bargaining was introduced in India under Section 265A to 265L of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), 1973.
Plea bargaining is primarily available in Indian courts for specified offenses, mostly economic crimes and cases punishable with imprisonment up to 7 years.
It allows accused persons to admit guilt in exchange for a lighter sentence or discharge from certain charges.
Extradition itself is a process for surrendering the accused to the requesting country; trial and prosecution occur in the requesting country under its laws.
Therefore, whether plea bargaining is allowed depends on the legal system of the requesting country where the prosecution takes place.
Indian courts do not conduct trials for offenses committed abroad after surrendering fugitives.
Plea bargains are generally not applicable in India once the person is extradited, as the jurisdiction shifts to the requesting state.
Some extradition treaties or agreements may include conditions restricting plea bargains to ensure the fugitive faces appropriate justice as per the treaty terms.
The surrendering country (India) may require assurances that the prosecution will not reduce charges or sentence without consent.
Plea bargaining can expedite resolution of cases and reduce burden on courts but may be viewed with suspicion in serious crimes.
The requesting country’s stance and India’s diplomatic assurances play a role in managing expectations regarding plea deals.
If India extradites a financial fraud suspect to Country X, whether the accused can enter a plea bargain depends entirely on Country X’s criminal justice laws, not India’s.
Plea bargaining in extradition-related prosecutions is not governed by Indian law after surrender, as prosecution occurs in the requesting country under its legal framework. India’s role is limited to the extradition process and ensuring treaty obligations are honored, which may include conditions about plea agreements. The availability and terms of plea bargaining depend on the jurisdiction prosecuting the accused.
Answer By Law4u Team
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