What Are the Main Provisions of the Protection of Human Rights Act?

The Protection of Human Rights Act (PHRA) of 1993 is a legislative framework in India aimed at safeguarding human rights and establishing a mechanism for the protection and promotion of these rights. The Act establishes the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) and State Human Rights Commissions (SHRCs) to address and investigate human rights violations and ensure justice.

Question & Answers

Q1: What is the Purpose of the Protection of Human Rights Act?

A1: The purpose of the Protection of Human Rights Act is to establish institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights, address human rights violations, and ensure effective enforcement of human rights standards. It aims to provide a legal framework for addressing grievances related to human rights infringements.

Q2: What Are the Key Functions of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) Under the Act?

A2: The NHRC is empowered to investigate human rights violations, review laws and practices affecting human rights, and make recommendations to the government for improving human rights protections. It can also intervene in legal proceedings related to human rights and promote research and education on human rights issues.

Q3: How Are the State Human Rights Commissions (SHRCs) Structured and Function?

A3: State Human Rights Commissions are established in each state to address human rights issues at the state level. They operate similarly to the NHRC but focus on regional concerns. SHRCs investigate complaints of human rights violations, make recommendations, and work to improve human rights conditions within the state.

Q4: What Are the Major Provisions of the Protection of Human Rights Act Related to Complaints and Investigation?

A4: The Act provides a mechanism for individuals to file complaints about human rights violations to the NHRC or SHRC. The commissions are authorized to conduct inquiries, summon witnesses, and collect evidence. They can also recommend actions to be taken by the government or other authorities to address violations and provide remedies.

Example

Example Scenario:

If an individual experiences police brutality, they can file a complaint with the NHRC or SHRC. The commission will investigate the complaint, review evidence, and recommend actions to address the violation and prevent future occurrences.

Summary

The Protection of Human Rights Act establishes the NHRC and SHRCs to safeguard and promote human rights in India. It provides a legal framework for investigating human rights violations, addressing grievances, and ensuring effective enforcement of human rights standards. The Act empowers these commissions to conduct inquiries, make recommendations, and work towards improving human rights protections.