Under Muslim law, the custody of a child, known as "Hizanat", is generally determined by the best interests of the child, and both the mother and father may have rights to custody at different stages of the child’s life. The age at which custody can transfer to the father varies depending on the gender of the child and the circumstances, but the following general principles apply: 1. Custody of a Minor Son: A father typically gains custody of a male child when the child reaches the age of 7 years. Before 7 years, the mother usually has custody, as Muslim law prioritizes the child's nurturing and emotional bonding, which is often considered to be best provided by the mother during the early years. 2. Custody of a Minor Daughter: A father can gain custody of a female child once she reaches the age of 9 years. Prior to this age, the mother is usually the primary custodian of the child. In some cases, the custody of a daughter can remain with the mother until she reaches puberty, which is generally around 9-12 years, depending on local customs and the interpretation of law. 3. Considerations for Custody: Best Interests of the Child: While the law establishes specific ages for custody transfer, the best interests of the child remain the primary factor in any decision. If a court or family decides that the father is better suited to care for the child, custody may be granted earlier, or vice versa. Parental Fitness: Factors such as the parent's ability to provide care, financial stability, and general conduct (e.g., if a parent has committed any immoral acts) may influence custody decisions. Mother’s Right: The mother may retain custody if the father is deemed unfit or if it is in the best interest of the child. 4. Right to Custody for the Father: After the age of 7 (for boys) and 9 (for girls), the father may seek to obtain custody, especially if he can demonstrate he is in a better position to raise the child or if the mother remarries or is unable to care for the child. 5. When Custody Is Contested: If there is a dispute over custody, the matter can be resolved in a Shariah court or civil court, where the best interests of the child will be the central focus. Conclusion: In general, under Muslim law, custody of a male child transfers to the father at the age of 7, and custody of a female child transfers at the age of 9. However, custody can remain with the mother until the child reaches puberty or in certain circumstances if deemed to be in the child's best interest. The final decision is often made based on the welfare of the child and the suitability of the parents to provide care.