Under the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (commonly known as RERA), buyers have several legal remedies available in case of default by developers. RERA was enacted to promote transparency, accountability, and efficiency in the real estate sector, and it provides a robust framework for addressing grievances and disputes between buyers and developers. 1. Complaint to the Real Estate Regulatory Authority Filing a Complaint: Buyers can file a complaint with the Real Estate Regulatory Authority (RERA) of the respective state or union territory against the developer for defaults such as delayed possession, poor quality of construction, or failure to deliver as per the agreement. The complaint should be filed within 5 years from the date on which the cause of action arises (e.g., delayed possession or breach of contract). Resolution Process: RERA will examine the complaint and may direct the developer to rectify the defect or deliver the project as per the agreement. RERA has the authority to impose penalties on the developer and direct them to refund amounts with interest or pay compensation for the delay. 2. Order for Compensation and Refund Compensation for Delay: If a developer fails to deliver possession of the property on time, buyers are entitled to claim compensation for the delay. The compensation is typically calculated based on the rate of interest prescribed in the agreement or as determined by RERA. Refunds: In cases where the project is abandoned or the developer fails to deliver the project, buyers can seek a refund of the amounts paid along with interest. RERA can order the developer to refund the amount with interest at the prescribed rate. 3. Legal Action in Consumer Forums Filing a Complaint with Consumer Forums: Buyers can also approach Consumer Dispute Redressal Commissions under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, if they believe that their grievance is not adequately addressed by RERA or if they seek additional remedies. Consumer forums can adjudicate claims related to deficiency in service, unfair trade practices, and seek compensation for the loss suffered. Jurisdiction: The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) handles high-value claims, while State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commissions (SCDRC) and District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forums handle claims of lesser amounts. 4. Approach to Civil Courts Filing a Suit in Civil Court: Buyers have the option to approach civil courts for remedies if the dispute is not resolved by RERA or consumer forums. However, RERA primarily provides a specialized mechanism for real estate disputes, and courts may direct the parties to approach RERA before proceeding with litigation. 5. Regulatory Penalties and Actions Penalties on Developers: RERA has the authority to impose penalties on developers for non-compliance with the provisions of the Act. This includes penalties for delayed possession, failure to adhere to project specifications, and other defaults. Penalties are imposed as per the provisions laid out in RERA, which may include monetary fines and other regulatory actions. Suspension or Cancellation of Registration: In severe cases of default or repeated violations, RERA has the authority to suspend or cancel the developer’s registration, preventing them from undertaking further projects. 6. Mediation and Conciliation Alternative Dispute Resolution: RERA encourages alternative dispute resolution mechanisms such as mediation and conciliation to resolve disputes between buyers and developers amicably. This approach aims to provide a quicker and less adversarial resolution compared to formal adjudication processes. 7. Interim Orders Interim Relief: RERA can issue interim orders to provide temporary relief to buyers in cases of immediate distress, such as orders for interim possession or injunctions against the developer. 8. Transparency and Disclosure Right to Information: Buyers have the right to access information related to the project, including progress reports and financial disclosures. This transparency helps in ensuring that developers adhere to their commitments. Conclusion RERA provides a comprehensive framework for protecting the rights of buyers in the real estate sector. It offers several legal remedies, including filing complaints with RERA, seeking compensation and refunds, approaching consumer forums, and pursuing legal action in civil courts if necessary. The Act aims to ensure that buyers have access to effective and efficient mechanisms for redressal of grievances and disputes with developers.