In India, the provisions for dealing with marital property in cases of separation depend on the personal laws governing the individuals involved. Here's a breakdown of the key provisions under various laws: Hindu Marriage Act, 1955: In case of a divorce or separation, the court can grant alimony or maintenance, which may include provisions for the sharing of property. The property acquired during the marriage may be considered jointly owned or the property of the person who holds the title, depending on the facts of the case. The court has the discretion to divide property in a fair manner if the marriage is dissolved, though this is generally more common in cases of divorce than in judicial separation. Special Marriage Act, 1954: Similar to the Hindu Marriage Act, the division of marital property is not automatically governed, but alimony or maintenance can be granted. Courts may intervene in the distribution of property based on fairness, especially in the context of providing for dependent spouses or children. Muslim Personal Law: Under Muslim law, the concept of "mahr" (a sum paid by the husband to the wife at the time of marriage) is treated as the wife's property. Upon separation, a wife is entitled to mahr, but there is no automatic provision for the division of jointly acquired property unless agreed upon. Maintenance is typically granted to the wife but not necessarily property division unless specified by a mutual agreement or court order. Indian Divorce Act, 1869 (for Christians): Similar to other personal laws, the court may grant maintenance or alimony, but there are no specific provisions for the automatic division of property unless ordered by the court. Partition Act, 1893: If marital property involves joint ownership, the Partition Act allows a spouse to file for partition of property, requesting the court to divide the jointly owned assets. Domestic Violence Act, 2005: Under this act, women can seek protection of their rights over marital property, particularly when there is an issue of domestic violence or abuse. It allows for the protection of the matrimonial home and seeks fair access to property. In all cases, the court evaluates the facts of the case, including contributions to the property and the financial needs of the spouse, before granting any relief regarding property division.