Yes, interest can be claimed on unpaid loans or dues in India, subject to certain conditions. The ability to claim interest depends on the nature of the loan or dues and whether there was an agreement regarding interest. Below are the key points to consider: 1. Contractual Interest: If there is a written agreement (e.g., loan agreement, promissory note, or invoice) specifying that interest is payable, the lender can claim interest at the agreed rate. The terms must be clear about the rate of interest, payment frequency, and consequences of non-payment. 2. Statutory Interest: Certain laws in India provide for interest in specific cases even in the absence of an agreement: Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: In cases of dishonored cheques, the court may award interest on the due amount. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006 (MSMED Act): Interest at three times the bank rate is payable on delayed payments to MSMEs. 3. Implied Interest: Even without an explicit agreement, interest may be claimed based on industry practices or customs, provided they are reasonable and can be substantiated. 4. Court-Awarded Interest: If a dispute is taken to court, the court can award interest: Pre-litigation Interest: For the period before the case was filed. Pendente Lite Interest: For the period during the litigation. Post-Judgment Interest: For the period after the judgment until payment is made. The rate of interest is at the court’s discretion but is usually in line with prevailing market rates. 5. Unsecured or Informal Loans: If the loan was given informally (e.g., without a written agreement), claiming interest may be challenging but not impossible: Evidence of the loan (bank transactions, emails, or witnesses) strengthens the claim. Courts may award reasonable interest based on circumstances and market conditions. 6. Prohibited or Excessive Interest: Charging excessive interest beyond legal limits or in violation of usury laws may render the interest claim invalid. Interest must not violate the provisions of the Usurious Loans Act, 1918, or other applicable laws. Summary: Interest can be claimed on unpaid loans or dues if: There is a contractual agreement specifying interest. Statutory provisions or court orders allow it. It is supported by evidence and reasonable in amount. If the matter is disputed, legal recourse can be sought through civil courts, arbitration, or other appropriate forums.