Can Extradition Be Based Solely On Suspicion?

Extradition is a serious legal process that involves surrendering a person accused or convicted of crimes from one country to another. It cannot be based merely on suspicion or unsubstantiated allegations. The Extradition Act, 1962 and international legal standards require sufficient evidence and adherence to due process before extradition can be granted, ensuring protection against arbitrary or wrongful extradition.

Can Extradition Be Based Solely On Suspicion?

Requirement of Prima Facie Evidence

The requesting country must provide prima facie evidence or a valid warrant demonstrating reasonable grounds to believe that the accused committed the alleged offence.

Mere suspicion or vague allegations are insufficient for extradition proceedings.

Judicial Scrutiny

Indian courts conduct hearings to assess the legality and sufficiency of the evidence presented. They verify that the charges have a legitimate basis and the offence qualifies under the extradition treaty.

Principle of Dual Criminality

The offence must be recognized as a crime in both countries and supported by adequate evidence, not just suspicion.

Protection Against Political or Vexatious Requests

Extradition can be refused if it appears that the request is based on frivolous, political, or malicious grounds lacking substantial proof.

Human Rights Safeguards

Safeguards exist to prevent extradition if the individual faces a risk of unfair trial, torture, or other human rights violations based on unproven allegations.

Legal and Procedural Safeguards

Requirement of verified documents including arrest warrants, charge sheets, and evidence.

Judicial hearings with opportunities for the accused to contest the charges.

Diplomatic channels to clarify or reject dubious requests.

Executive discretion exercised by the Central Government before final surrender.

Example

If a country requests India to extradite a person based on vague suspicion of corruption without formal charges or evidence, Indian courts will likely reject the request due to lack of prima facie case and insufficient proof, preventing wrongful extradition.