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Port dues are fees or charges imposed on vessels and cargo for the use of port facilities and services. These fees contribute to the maintenance and development of port infrastructure, ensure safe and efficient handling of ships and goods, and support port authority operations. Port dues vary by port, vessel size, type of cargo, and services utilized, and are essential components of maritime commerce costs.
Fees for occupying a berth or quay during loading or unloading.
Charges for the services of a harbor pilot who guides vessels safely into or out of the port.
Costs for tugboat assistance during maneuvering within port limits.
Fees related to loading, unloading, and storage of cargo at the port.
General charges for use of port infrastructure such as docks, terminals, and storage yards.
Fees levied on vessels for navigating through or using harbor waters.
Port dues are regulated by port authorities or corporations established under national or state laws. In India, for example, major ports are governed by the Major Port Trusts Act, 1963, which empowers port trusts to fix and collect dues.
Port dues and tariffs are generally fixed based on vessel size (gross tonnage or registered tonnage), cargo type, duration of stay, and service costs. They must be reasonable, transparent, and published for public knowledge.
Regulatory bodies such as port tariff authorities or maritime boards often review and approve the schedules of dues to prevent unfair charges and ensure competitive port services.
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) and bodies like the International Association of Ports and Harbors (IAPH) provide best practices and standards to harmonize port dues globally.
A container ship arrives at Mumbai Port for unloading:
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