What Are Demurrage And Detention Charges?

Demurrage and detention charges are fees applied in the shipping and logistics industry to encourage timely loading, unloading, and return of containers and cargo. These charges compensate carriers or port operators for delays that disrupt efficient use of equipment and port space, thereby helping manage congestion and turnaround times.

Demurrage Charges

Definition:

Demurrage charges are fees levied when cargo or containers remain in the port or terminal beyond the allowed free time after unloading from the vessel but before pickup by the consignee.

Purpose:

To compensate the port or terminal for storage space used longer than agreed, encouraging timely removal of goods.

When It Applies:

Begins after the free time period expires, which can range from a few days to weeks depending on contract and port rules.

Calculation:

Usually charged per container per day after free time, rates vary by port and shipping line.

Detention Charges

Definition:

Detention charges are fees applied when the consignee or shipper holds containers outside the port or terminal longer than the allowed free time for unpacking, loading, or return to the shipping line.

Purpose:

To compensate shipping lines for containers that are not returned promptly, reducing availability of containers for other shipments.

When It Applies:

Starts after free time expires for keeping containers outside the port facilities.

Calculation:

Charged per container per day, rates depend on the shipping line’s policy and contract terms.

Key Differences

Regulation and Management

Demurrage and detention fees are typically outlined in contracts such as the Bill of Lading, charter party agreements, or shipping terms.

• Ports and terminals publish free time and tariff schedules.
• Shipping lines set detention rules and rates.
• Some countries have regulatory bodies overseeing fair practices to prevent abusive fees.

Effective management of demurrage and detention helps reduce port congestion and improves shipping efficiency.

Example

A container arrives at the port and is unloaded from the ship:

• The consignee has 5 free days to pick up the container from the terminal.
• If the container remains in the terminal after day 5, demurrage charges apply per day.
• After pickup, the consignee has 7 free days to unload and return the container to the shipping line.
• If the container is kept longer, detention charges start accruing per day until the container is returned.