- 03-Jul-2025
- public international law
The Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) 2006, known as the Seafarers’ Bill of Rights, was adopted by the International Labour Organization (ILO) to set minimum international standards for the working and living conditions of seafarers worldwide. India ratified the MLC on October 9, 2015, reinforcing its commitment to improve maritime labor standards and to protect the welfare of its seafaring workforce. The ratification binds India to implement and enforce the Convention’s provisions across its merchant fleet, ensuring decent work conditions, health and safety, and social protection for Indian seafarers both on domestic and foreign vessels.
India ratified the MLC 2006 through a formal notification, followed by amendments to the Merchant Shipping Act, 1958. These amendments harmonize Indian maritime laws with the Convention’s requirements on employment contracts, hours of work and rest, accommodation, medical care, health and safety, welfare, and social security.
These rules provide detailed procedural and regulatory guidelines to implement MLC standards. They cover the certification process, requirements for seafarers’ employment agreements, conditions of service, accommodation standards, access to medical facilities, occupational health and safety, repatriation rights, and mechanisms for grievance redressal.
The DGS is the nodal authority responsible for enforcing the MLC in India. It conducts inspections, audits, and certification of Indian-flagged vessels to ensure compliance with MLC standards. Ships that meet the standards are issued the Maritime Labour Certificate and a Declaration of Maritime Labour Compliance.
Ships are subject to periodic surveys and inspections by authorized officials to verify compliance with MLC provisions. Non-compliant vessels may face penalties, detentions, or suspension of their certification, thus enforcing strict adherence to safety and welfare norms.
India provides mechanisms for social security coverage including provident fund, insurance, and medical benefits for seafarers. It also guarantees repatriation and medical care in cases of injury, illness, or termination of employment, thereby ensuring the protection of seafarers’ rights even when working internationally.
The government and maritime organizations conduct awareness programs and training workshops for seafarers, shipowners, and operators regarding MLC rights, compliance requirements, and grievance procedures. This ensures stakeholders are well-informed about their responsibilities and entitlements.
The MLC framework empowers seafarers to lodge complaints related to wages, working conditions, or health and safety. The Directorate General of Shipping investigates these grievances and ensures prompt remedial action, safeguarding seafarers from exploitation and abuse.
India collaborates with international bodies such as the ILO and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to update its regulations and keep pace with evolving global maritime labor standards. This ensures ongoing alignment with best practices and strengthens enforcement.
An Indian seafarer aboard an Indian-flagged container ship faces delayed salary payments and inadequate onboard accommodation. Following India’s ratification and enforcement of the MLC:
The seafarer files a complaint with the ship’s management and, if unresolved, escalates it to the Directorate General of Shipping.
The DGS initiates an inspection and finds breaches of MLC standards related to wage payment and living conditions.
The shipowner is directed to rectify the violations and ensure immediate payment of wages.
The vessel’s Maritime Labour Certificate is temporarily suspended until compliance is restored.
The seafarer receives assistance for repatriation if desired, along with access to medical and social security benefits.
This example illustrates how India’s MLC ratification actively protects seafarers’ rights and welfare.
Answer By Law4u Team
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