Answer By law4u team
India has signed and ratified several key international treaties and conventions that cover diverse areas such as human rights, environment, disarmament, trade, labor, and health. Below is a list of some of the most important international treaties to which India is a party: 1. Human Rights Treaties Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) – While not a treaty, India is a signatory and adheres to its principles. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) – Signed and ratified in 1979 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) – Signed and ratified in 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) – Ratified in 1993 Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) – Ratified in 1992 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) – Ratified in 2007 International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) – Ratified in 1968 2. Environmental Treaties United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) – Ratified in 1993 Kyoto Protocol – Acceded in 2002 Paris Agreement on Climate Change – Ratified in 2016 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) – Ratified in 1994 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer – Acceded in 1992 United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) – Ratified in 1996 Basel Convention (on hazardous wastes) – Acceded in 1992 3. Trade and Intellectual Property World Trade Organization (WTO) – Founding member since 1995 Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) – Part of WTO obligations Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works – Acceded in 1928 Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property – Acceded in 1998 WIPO Treaties (World Intellectual Property Organization) – India is a member of various WIPO-administered treaties 4. Labor and Employment (ILO Conventions) India is a founding member of the International Labour Organization (ILO) and has ratified several key conventions, including: ILO Convention No. 29 – Forced Labour ILO Convention No. 105 – Abolition of Forced Labour ILO Convention No. 138 – Minimum Age ILO Convention No. 182 – Worst Forms of Child Labour Various conventions on workers’ rights, social security, and equality 5. Disarmament and Peace Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) – Not signed (India opposes its discriminatory nature) Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) – Not signed/ratified Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) – Signed in 1993, ratified in 1996 Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) – Ratified in 1974 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) – Ratified in 2002 6. Maritime and Aviation United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) – Ratified in 1995 Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation – Member since 1947 7. Health and Food Safety Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO-FCTC) – Ratified in 2004 International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005) – Implemented by India Codex Alimentarius Commission – India is an active member in food safety standards In summary: India has ratified numerous key international treaties in areas like human rights (e.g., ICCPR, CEDAW), environment (e.g., Paris Agreement, CBD), trade (e.g., WTO, TRIPS), labor (e.g., ILO conventions), disarmament (e.g., CWC), and maritime law (UNCLOS). These treaties shape India’s global obligations and domestic policy frameworks.
