The Supreme Court of India plays a crucial role in resolving disputes between states, and its jurisdiction in this regard is outlined in the Constitution of India. The Supreme Court is the highest court of the land and has original jurisdiction over disputes between states as per Article 131 of the Constitution. Here's an overview of the role of the Supreme Court in resolving interstate disputes in India: Original Jurisdiction: Article 131 grants the Supreme Court original jurisdiction to hear and adjudicate on disputes between states, or between the Government of India and one or more states, or between two or more states on one side and one or more states on the other. Types of Disputes: Interstate disputes may arise over various issues, including but not limited to disputes related to boundaries, water-sharing, distribution of resources, or any other matter that involves the legal rights of the states. Advisory Jurisdiction: The Supreme Court can also give its opinion on any legal question referred to it by the President of India under Article 143. This advisory jurisdiction can be invoked to seek the Court's opinion on matters related to disputes between states. Special Provisions for Water Disputes: In addition to Article 131, the Interstate River Water Disputes Act, 1956, provides for the adjudication of disputes relating to the waters of interstate rivers and river valleys. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction over such disputes. Procedure for Resolution: When a state raises a dispute against another state or the Government of India, the concerned party files an original suit before the Supreme Court. The Court then examines the matter and may appoint a commission or use its own procedures to gather evidence and make a determination. Final and Binding: The decisions of the Supreme Court in such disputes are final and binding. States are expected to abide by the Court's judgments, and the Court's decisions cannot be appealed to any other forum. Public Interest and National Unity: Resolving interstate disputes is important for maintaining national unity and ensuring the equitable distribution of resources. The Supreme Court's role in this context contributes to fostering harmony among states within the Indian Union. Significance of Precedents: The Supreme Court's decisions in interstate disputes set legal precedents that guide future cases. These precedents contribute to the development of constitutional law and principles related to inter-state relations. It's important to note that the resolution of interstate disputes is a delicate matter, and the Supreme Court plays a critical role in ensuring a fair and just resolution. The Court's decisions contribute to maintaining the federal structure of the Indian Constitution and promoting cooperation among states in the interest of the nation as a whole.