Under Muslim law in India, the share of daughters and sons in a father's property is determined by the principles of Sharia (Islamic law), particularly the rules of inheritance. These rules are outlined in the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937 and based on the guidelines from the Quran and Hadith. General Principles Sons typically receive double the share of daughters in inheritance. This division is based on the principle that a son has the financial responsibility of supporting the family, whereas daughters are not generally required to support anyone financially. Distribution for a Father’s Property The inheritance share of the children (sons and daughters) from their father’s property is typically as follows: 1. Share of Sons and Daughters Sons: Each son receives double the share of a daughter. For example, if there are two sons and one daughter, the sons will each receive twice the amount of the daughter’s share. 2. Example of Distribution If a father leaves behind 1 son and 1 daughter, the total property will be divided into 3 equal parts (since the son receives twice the share of the daughter). The son will get 2 parts, and the daughter will get 1 part. If there are multiple sons and daughters, the distribution follows the same ratio, with the sons collectively receiving twice the share of the daughters. 3. Additional Considerations If there are other heirs, such as the wife, mother, or parents of the deceased, their shares are also considered before the division between the children. The father's property may also be subject to other liabilities, such as debts, which should be settled before the inheritance is divided. 4. Share of Other Family Members The mother generally receives one-sixth of the deceased father’s estate if there are children. The wife receives one-eighth of the father’s estate if there are children. Important Points The share of daughters may be influenced by the presence of other heirs (like the father’s wife, mother, etc.), but sons will still receive double the share of daughters. Sharia law gives priority to the male heirs (sons) in terms of inheritance, but this is based on the duty of sons to financially provide for the family, which is not a requirement for daughters. Summary of Share Distribution (Basic Scenario): 1 son, 1 daughter: The estate is divided into 3 parts (2 for the son, 1 for the daughter). 2 sons, 1 daughter: The estate is divided into 4 parts (2 for each son, 1 for the daughter). If there are more sons and daughters, the proportion remains the same (sons get twice the share of daughters). This system ensures that the distribution reflects the responsibilities and financial obligations placed on male heirs in traditional Muslim law.

residuary share

In Muslim law, on the death of the father, the wife of the deceased has 1/8 share and the son of the deceased has 2/3 share and the daughters of the deceased inherit the residual share.