Rights of an Illegitimate Child Under Muslim Law Under Muslim law, an illegitimate child (born out of wedlock) has limited rights, as lineage (nasab) is not legally recognized from the father. The child's rights are primarily determined by Islamic jurisprudence and Indian legal provisions. 1. Right to Inheritance No right in the father's property: An illegitimate child cannot inherit from the biological father under Muslim personal law. Can inherit from the mother: The child is entitled to inherit from the mother’s property and maternal relatives. Can inherit through Indian secular law: If the father acknowledges the child or makes a will, inheritance can be given. 2. Right to Maintenance Father is not legally bound: Muslim law does not impose an obligation on the father to maintain an illegitimate child. Mother is responsible: The mother must maintain the child. Protection under Indian law: Under Section 125 of the CrPC, a child (legitimate or illegitimate) can claim maintenance from the father if he has acknowledged the child. 3. Right to Use Father’s Name The child cannot use the father’s name officially in many interpretations of Islamic law. In India, some courts allow the child to use the father’s name for legal identification. 4. Right to Legitimacy Through Acknowledgment If the father acknowledges the child (without specifying an illicit relationship), the child may be considered legitimate under Hanafi law, gaining inheritance rights. 5. Right to Education and Welfare Indian laws, such as the Right to Education Act, protect the child’s educational rights. The child has full legal rights under Indian secular laws, including identity documents and welfare schemes. Conclusion Under pure Muslim law, an illegitimate child cannot inherit from the father and has limited rights. However, Indian secular laws provide some protection, such as maintenance and welfare rights. If the father acknowledges the child, certain rights may be recognized.