Under Muslim law, Waqf properties hold a special legal status as they are considered permanent charitable endowments dedicated to religious, charitable, or pious purposes. 1. Definition of Waqf A Waqf is a permanent dedication of movable or immovable property for religious or charitable purposes under Islamic law. Once a property is designated as Waqf, it cannot be sold, transferred, or inherited. 2. Legal Status of Waqf Properties in India Governed by the Waqf Act, 1995 (amended in 2013). Administered by the State and Central Waqf Boards under the supervision of the Central Waqf Council. The property remains inalienable, meaning it cannot be sold, gifted, or mortgaged, except in rare cases with Waqf Board approval. 3. Management of Waqf Properties Managed by a Mutawalli (caretaker), who is responsible for maintaining and using the property for the intended purpose. The State Waqf Board has the power to regulate and remove mismanagement or misuse of Waqf properties. 4. Protection & Disputes Waqf properties are protected under Section 104 of the Waqf Act, 1995. Any unauthorized occupation, encroachment, or sale is illegal and punishable. Disputes related to Waqf properties are settled by Waqf Tribunals, not civil courts. 5. Encroachment & Legal Consequences Encroachment on Waqf land is a punishable offense under the 2013 amendment. Penalty: Imprisonment up to 2 years, a fine up to Rs. 50,000, and removal of encroachment.