In India, it is generally advisable to have an expert medical opinion before filing a case, especially in matters where medical evidence is crucial. This helps in strengthening the case and ensuring that the claim is supported by factual evidence. However, whether it is strictly necessary depends on the type of case. 1. Personal Injury or Medical Negligence Cases In cases involving personal injury or medical negligence, an expert medical opinion is often essential. Courts typically require a medical expert's report or testimony to establish: - The extent of injury or damage. - The cause of the injury. - Whether the medical treatment provided was adequate or negligent. Without expert medical evidence, the case may lack sufficient factual support, weakening the chances of success. 2. Criminal Cases (e.g., Assault or Murder) In criminal cases, expert medical opinions are required to establish the cause of death, the nature of injuries, and the possibility of the injuries being inflicted intentionally or negligently. For example: - In murder or assault cases, forensic medical evidence (autopsy reports, injury reports) is critical to prove the nature of injuries and their connection to the alleged crime. - In cases of sexual assault, medical examination reports (such as a rape kit) are vital to substantiate the claims. 3. Domestic Violence or Harassment Cases In cases related to domestic violence or harassment, while expert medical evidence is not always mandatory, it can strengthen the claim. A medical opinion can help establish the physical and psychological impact of the abuse, especially in cases involving mental cruelty or physical injuries. 4. Civil and Family Law Cases For civil matters involving injury or health-related claims, a medical opinion may be necessary to determine damages. In family law cases (e.g., divorce), medical evidence might not be required unless health issues (physical or mental) are relevant to the case. 5. Insurance Claims or Compensation Cases In cases where the claim involves seeking compensation (e.g., for accident or medical expenses), medical opinions are often essential to determine the extent of injury or illness and its impact on the person's life, which influences the compensation amount. Conclusion While it may not be strictly mandatory to have an expert medical opinion in all types of cases, it is highly recommended in cases where medical evidence is crucial to prove the extent of injury, negligence, or abuse. Expert medical opinions add credibility and substantiate the claims, increasing the chances of success in legal proceedings.

Dear Client, It is not always a prerequisite to get an expert medical opinion prior to instituting a case, but this is quite dependent upon the type of case. In cases of medical negligence—whether criminal or civil—courts generally prefer that preliminary medical opinion from a competent doctor or board of medicine be sought so that the complaint is not found to be frivolous. In personal injury actions, though a medical expert opinion is not necessarily required at the time of filing, medical reports and evaluation generally need to be produced to support allegations of injury and damages. Likewise, in consumer grievances involving medical services under the Consumer Protection Act, an expert opinion might be necessary to establish deficiency in service. In domestic violence or family law cases, a doctor's opinion is not required before filing but medical reports filed subsequently in the case are of great help if the complainant has registered a complaint of physical or mental abuse. Briefly speaking, although a medical opinion is not always necessary on the date of filing, it is usually necessary in medical cases to render the case valid and well-supported. I hope this answer helps. In case of future queries, please feel free to contact us. Thank you.