To prove medical negligence in India, specific types of evidence are required to establish that a medical professional failed in their duty of care, which directly caused harm to the patient. Here is a detailed explanation of the key types of evidence required: 1. Medical Records and Reports Prescription slips, diagnostic test reports, treatment records, discharge summaries, surgery reports, and follow-up instructions are crucial. These documents help show what treatment was given, whether it was appropriate, and if standard procedures were followed. 2. Expert Medical Opinion Testimony from another qualified doctor in the same or similar field is often necessary. The expert must state that the treatment provided fell below the standard of care expected from a competent medical professional in similar circumstances. 3. Proof of Doctor-Patient Relationship The existence of a doctor-patient relationship must be established (e.g., through appointment receipts or admission records) to show the duty of care existed. 4. Proof of Breach of Duty Evidence must demonstrate that the doctor or hospital acted negligently, such as: Wrong diagnosis Improper surgery Medication errors Failure to inform about risks Delay in treatment 5. Causation (Link Between Negligence and Harm) You must prove that the negligence directly caused injury, damage, or death. This could include autopsy reports, subsequent medical evaluations, or deterioration of condition due to the alleged mistake. 6. Photographs, Videos, or Audio Evidence Visual/audio evidence, if available, can support claims about hospital conditions, lack of facilities, or unprofessional behavior. 7. Witness Statements Testimonies from family members, hospital staff, or others present during the treatment may help strengthen the case. 8. Legal Documents Any legal notices, complaint copies filed with medical councils, or communication with the hospital or doctor can also support the claim. Summary: To prove medical negligence in India, evidence such as medical records, expert opinions, proof of doctor-patient relationship, causation, witness statements, and legal communications are critical. Courts require clear and credible evidence to establish negligence, breach of duty, and resulting harm.

Dear Client, In order to establish medical negligence, the claimant needs to provide definite evidence to show that the treating professional violated their duty of care, which caused harm. The evidence needed typically comprises: Medical Records: These are the most important records. They indicate the diagnosis, medication given, treatment rendered, medication prescribed, and surgical notes, as well as hospital communication. Discrepancies, lack of, or wrong entries may prove the claim of negligence. Expert Testimony:Courts usually depend on the testimony of medical experts in the same specialty to determine if the standard of care was violated.An expert assists in proving what a reasonably prudent professional would have done in the same circumstances. Evidence of Doctor-Patient Relationship:Proving this relationship demonstrates that the health professional owed the patient a duty of care. Causation Evidence:Evidence that the doctor's action (or lack of action) actually resulted in injury or increased the patient's suffering must be provided.This could be in the form of lab results, imaging, post-procedure findings, or testimony. Witness Statements:Evidence can be provided by hospital personnel, patient, or family members regarding what happened during the treatment. Photographic or Video Evidence: In a few cases, outward injuries or CCTV footage of the hospital may be presented. In Kusum Sharma v. Batra Hospital (2010), the Supreme Court reiterated that negligence had to be established by expert opinion and a mere error of judgment does not create liability unless it is below the standard accepted in the medical profession. I hope this answer helps. In case of future queries, please feel free to contact us. Thank you.