Answer By law4u team
The Constitution of India recognizes international law through constitutional principles, treaty obligations, and powers given to the Union Government and Parliament. Important constitutional provisions: Article 51 Directs the State to: Promote international peace and security Maintain just and honorable relations between nations Foster respect for international law and treaty obligations Encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration Article 253 Gives Parliament power to make laws for implementing international treaties, agreements, and conventions. Article 73 Extends executive power of the Union to foreign affairs and treaty matters. Entry 14 of Union List Parliament has authority over: Foreign affairs Diplomatic relations International conferences Treaty implementation How international law operates in India: India generally follows the dualist system. International treaties do not automatically become enforceable domestic law unless Parliament enacts legislation. However, courts may use international conventions and principles to interpret fundamental rights and domestic laws where there is no conflict. Role of Indian judiciary: The Supreme Court and High Courts have recognized international law principles in several cases. Important judgments: Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan The Supreme Court relied on international conventions to frame guidelines against workplace sexual harassment. Jolly George Varghese v. Bank of Cochin Court discussed the relationship between international law and domestic law. Examples of international obligations implemented in India: Human rights conventions Environmental treaties Trade agreements Climate change agreements such as the Paris Agreement Thus, the Indian Constitution supports respect for international law while requiring domestic legislation for full legal enforcement in most situations.
