Yes, derivative works can be copyrighted in India under the Copyright Act, 1957. However, the copyright protection of a derivative work depends on whether it has originality and proper authorization from the owner of the original work. What is a Derivative Work? A derivative work is a new work based on a pre-existing copyrighted work. Examples include: Translations (e.g., translating an English book into Hindi) Adaptations (e.g., making a movie based on a novel) Summaries or abridgments Modifications, compilations, and remixing of content Conditions for Copyright Protection of Derivative Works Originality Requirement The derivative work must have some creative input beyond mere copying. Simple modifications or reproductions without creativity cannot be copyrighted. Permission from the Original Copyright Holder If the original work is still under copyright protection, written permission from the copyright owner is required. Unauthorized use of copyrighted material in a derivative work can lead to copyright infringement. Independent Copyright A properly authorized and original derivative work gets separate copyright protection. However, it does not affect the rights of the original work’s copyright owner. When is Permission Not Required? If the original work is in the public domain (copyright has expired). If the use falls under fair use/fair dealing (e.g., research, criticism, review). Example Scenarios A filmmaker adapts a novel into a movie with the author’s permission – Can be copyrighted. A person translates a copyrighted book without the author’s consent – Cannot be copyrighted and may be infringement.