In India, police involvement in debt recovery cases depends on whether the case is civil or criminal in nature. Generally, debt recovery is a civil matter, and the police do not intervene. However, police action may be involved in cases of fraud, cheating, or criminal breach of trust. 1. Police Involvement in Civil Debt Recovery Cases No direct police role: Debt recovery is handled through civil courts, Debt Recovery Tribunals (DRT), or arbitration, depending on the type of loan. Creditors cannot use police pressure: Using police force to recover debts is illegal and can lead to action against the creditor. 2. Police Involvement in Criminal Cases The police can be involved if the debtor has committed a criminal offense such as: Cheque Bounce (Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881) – If a cheque issued for repayment bounces, the creditor can file a criminal complaint after serving a legal notice. Fraud or Cheating (Section 420 IPC) – If the debtor obtained money by deception or false promises, a criminal complaint can be filed. Criminal Breach of Trust (Section 406 IPC) – If the debtor misused or diverted the funds, a complaint can be made to the police. 3. When Can a Police Complaint Be Filed? If the debtor absconds to avoid repayment. If the debtor fraudulently transfers assets to avoid paying. If the debtor gives false information to obtain credit. 4. Actions Police Can Take Register an FIR if a criminal offense is evident. Investigate financial frauds if cheating or misrepresentation is involved. Seize assets in fraud cases if ordered by a court. 5. What Police Cannot Do Arrest a debtor just because they failed to repay a loan. Mediate debt recovery disputes unless a criminal offense is committed. Act on behalf of private lenders or loan sharks to intimidate debtors.