A well-known trademark is a trademark that is widely recognized by the public and has a substantial reputation due to its extensive use or recognition across a particular region or globally. This recognition makes it easier for the trademark owner to protect their mark even in markets or industries unrelated to their original product or service. Protection of Well-Known Trademarks in India: Definition: According to Section 2(1)(zg) of the Trade Marks Act, 1999, a well-known trademark is one that is recognized by the public at large as being associated with a particular product or service, and its recognition must extend beyond the territory in which it is used. Legal Protection: Section 11 of the Trade Marks Act, 1999 provides special protection for well-known trademarks. This ensures that even if a well-known trademark is not registered in India, it can still be protected from being used by others in a manner that could cause confusion, dilution, or harm to the distinctiveness or reputation of the mark. Criteria for Determining a Well-Known Trademark: Extent of Use: The trademark’s use must be substantial and continuous in India. Duration of Use: The trademark should have been used for a significant period of time in India. Geographical Area: The trademark should be known across a large area or multiple regions in India. Advertising and Promotion: The mark must have been advertised and promoted widely, including through media and advertising channels. Protection from Infringement: A well-known trademark is protected from infringement even in unrelated classes of goods or services. This means that no one can use the mark or a confusingly similar mark, even if it is applied to different products, where such use would damage the well-known mark’s reputation. Prevention of Dilution: The protection extends to preventing the dilution of the distinctive character or reputation of the well-known trademark. For instance, no one can use a similar mark in a way that diminishes the mark’s distinctiveness. International Recognition: India is a signatory to the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, and well-known trademarks that are recognized internationally can also be protected in India. Procedure for Recognition: To obtain recognition as a well-known trademark, the owner can file a request with the Indian Trade Marks Registry, and the trademark must be specifically declared as well-known by the registrar. The process includes providing evidence of use, advertising, and reputation in India. In conclusion, well-known trademarks enjoy stronger protection under Indian law, both for preventing unauthorized use and for preserving the distinctiveness and reputation they have built over time.