In India, remedies for trademark infringement are provided under the Trade Marks Act, 1999, and they are designed to protect the rights of the trademark owner and prevent unauthorized use of their trademark. The following are the primary remedies available for trademark infringement in India: 1. Injunction Permanent Injunction: A court can grant a permanent injunction, which prohibits the infringer from using the infringing trademark in the future. Interim/Temporary Injunction: In the early stages of litigation, the court may grant an interim injunction to prevent the infringer from continuing to use the trademark while the case is being decided. 2. Damages or Accounts of Profits Damages: The trademark owner can seek damages for the losses suffered due to the infringement of their trademark. This includes actual damages or any loss of profit suffered by the trademark owner due to the infringer's actions. Accounts of Profits: Instead of damages, the trademark owner can also seek the profits that the infringer has made by using the infringing trademark. 3. Delivery Up of Infringing Goods The trademark owner can request the court to order the infringer to deliver up any goods that bear the infringing trademark, including packaging materials, labels, and other materials used in the infringement. 4. Seizure or Destruction of Infringing Goods The court can order the seizure or destruction of goods that bear the infringing trademark. This includes products, packaging, and any other items that are found to be infringing the registered trademark. 5. Criminal Action Under Section 103 of the Trade Marks Act, trademark infringement can lead to criminal prosecution in India. If the infringement involves counterfeiting or the use of a fraudulent trademark, the offender may be punishable with imprisonment, which can range from six months to three years and/or a fine ranging from Rs. 50,000 to Rs. 2,00,000. A criminal case for trademark infringement can be filed by the trademark owner in a Magistrate’s court. 6. Passing Off Action Even if a trademark is not registered, the owner can take action for passing off if they can show that the infringing mark is causing confusion among consumers and harming their reputation or goodwill. The passing off action is a civil remedy where the court can grant an injunction, order the delivery up of infringing goods, and award damages or profits. 7. Rectification of Register If the trademark is not registered or is wrongly registered, the trademark owner can file for rectification of the trademark register to remove the infringing mark from the registry. This can be done through the Intellectual Property Appellate Board (IPAB) or the Delhi High Court. 8. Action for Cancellation of the Infringing Trademark The trademark owner can file a petition for the cancellation of the infringing trademark if the infringer’s mark is found to be registered but is not distinctive or is confusingly similar to the registered trademark. 9. Preliminary Injunction In cases of urgency, the trademark owner may apply for a preliminary injunction before the trial begins to prevent further infringement or damage. This is typically granted when the owner can show that there is a strong prima facie case and the balance of convenience lies in their favor. Conclusion: In India, remedies for trademark infringement include injunctions, damages, delivery up of infringing goods, criminal prosecution, and actions like passing off or rectification of the register. The trademark owner has several legal avenues to protect their rights, and the remedies aim to stop the infringement, compensate for the losses, and prevent further harm to the owner’s reputation and goodwill.